The+Middle+Ages+-+Tasks

 Year 8 Humanities 2011 - Term One     society, language, stories and change                // “We learn in the form of stories.” // // (Frank Smith, Canadian psycholinguist) //

**  Main Topics and Tasks   ** Note: This is an outline only, and not all assessment tasks are included.  

**The “Dark” Ages and the labelling of history. **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Introductory piece of writing <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> || **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The rise of towns **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">   || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Medieval Day (April 4) ||
 * **  Weeks    **  || **   Topic    ** || **   Major tasks / activities    ** ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">1 – 2  || ** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Course introduction  **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">2 – 3  || **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">1066 and the Bayeux Tapestry **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Analysis of //Bayeux Tapestry//   ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">3 – 4  || **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Feudalism **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">  ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">4 - 5  || **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Crusades ** || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Heraldry assignment   ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">5 – 6  || **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Communication in the Middle Ages **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">6 - 7  || **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">The Black Death and its impact ** || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Oral storytelling presentation  ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">9-10  || **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Feudalism challenged: the Peasants’ Revolt ** || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">End of term test

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> **  Additional topics and tasks:   ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Throughout the term you will also be working on the following, which may either be class or homework tasks from class to class: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">- Wide reading and stories from the anthology // The Illustrated Man //. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">- Language skills <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(e.g. grammar, spelling and punctuation from // Essential Language Skills //) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">- Minor homework tasks which may differ from class to class <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">- Discussions and activities based on current news events; this will include viewing such programs as // Behind the News // (or other news material) on a fortnightly basis. <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Studying the Middle Ages **  How are societies organised and changed? **  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 3pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In Year 7, much of your work in Humanities was centred on understanding and reflecting upon yourself as an individual. Year 8 asks you to broaden your focus a little, and to consider that tricky word known as // society //. On the face of things, it’s an easy concept to understand ... society is “us”, yeah? We all combine to form a society. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">But then it begins to get trickier. Is the society of the city of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia the same as the society of, say, the town of Melbourne in the state of Florida, USA? There are probably many similarities between the two (most of the citizens probably have very little idea of who ‘Melbourne’ was named after to begin with). But there will be differences. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">How about Melbourne compared to ... say ... Islamabad in Pakistan? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">To spot the differences is easy. To explain them is a little harder. To realise that one can learn from the other is perhaps the hardest thing of all. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Which brings us to the Middle Ages ... //  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Whether or not the “Middle Ages” is a fair label is something you will discuss in class. It is a common and convenient phrase which describes, vaguely, a period of history // after //ancient civilizations and // before //the Renaissance. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">If that confuses you, remember this: in the past, influential historians have divided the history of Europe into various “ages”, including: ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Classical Age **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">the era of ancient empires such as Egypt, Greece and Rome; ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Dark Ages: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">the centuries following the so-called collapse of the Roman Empire in 410AD. ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Middle Ages: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">the period we’re studying, as nations began to rebuild and re-emerge ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Renaissance: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">the “rebirth” of arts, learning and religious freedom around the 1400s. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The term “Middle Ages” (also known as the “Medieval History”) is commonly used to describe the period spanning the 10th to 14th centuries. There is, of course, no exact start or end. Nobody suddenly announced, “Oh gosh! I think the Middle Ages just ended. How inconvenient!” <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">And, of course, these labels have little relevance to the people of Africa, any part of America, or most of Asia, which brings us to another important question – why study it at all … especially here, on the other side of the world? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Over the page you will find a series of challenging questions we will face in the term ahead. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="height: 130.2pt; margin-left: 1.9pt; margin-top: 57.8pt; mso-height-percent: 200; mso-height-relative: margin; mso-width-relative: margin; position: absolute; width: 193.1pt; z-index: 251667456;"><span style="mso-fit-shape-to-text: t; mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1028;"> <span style="height: 124.2pt; margin-left: 294.1pt; margin-top: 1.55pt; mso-height-percent: 200; mso-height-relative: margin; mso-width-percent: 400; mso-width-relative: margin; position: absolute; width: 228.6pt; z-index: 251668480;"><span style="mso-fit-shape-to-text: t; mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1029;"> How do specific moments affect communities? How do natural and non-natural traumas and triumphs shift social views? ||   How do people communicate with each other? How are stories, songs, art, literature and poetry influential over a society? || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * <span style="display: block; padding-bottom: 4.35pt; padding-left: 7.95pt; padding-right: 7.95pt; padding-top: 4.35pt;"> **   EVENTS   **
 * <span style="display: block; padding-bottom: 4.35pt; padding-left: 7.95pt; padding-right: 7.95pt; padding-top: 4.35pt;"> **   COMMUNICATION   **

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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="height: 227pt; margin-left: 33.9pt; margin-top: 0.45pt; mso-height-relative: margin; mso-width-relative: margin; position: absolute; width: 422.5pt; z-index: 251665408;"><span style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1027;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="height: 187.2pt; margin-left: 3pt; margin-top: 40.7pt; mso-height-percent: 200; mso-height-relative: margin; mso-width-relative: margin; position: absolute; width: 205.5pt; z-index: 251670528;"><span style="mso-fit-shape-to-text: t; mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1030;"> <span style="height: 142.95pt; margin-left: 260.4pt; margin-top: 0.65pt; mso-height-percent: 200; mso-height-relative: margin; mso-width-relative: margin; position: absolute; width: 205.5pt; z-index: 251671552;"><span style="mso-fit-shape-to-text: t; mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1031;"> How do labels help and hinder our understanding? How do terms like “Dark Ages” and “Fall of Rome” affect our understanding of history? ||  How does one society influence another? In what way are we, as 21st century citizens, linked to the people of 1000 AD ? In what ways was medieval Europe changed by contact with the Middle East and Asia? || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * <span style="display: block; padding-bottom: 4.35pt; padding-left: 7.95pt; padding-right: 7.95pt; padding-top: 4.35pt;"> ** //   HOW ARE SOCIETIES ORGANISED AND CHANGED?   // **
 * <span style="display: block; padding-bottom: 4.35pt; padding-left: 7.95pt; padding-right: 7.95pt; padding-top: 4.35pt;"> **   PERSPECTIVES   **
 * <span style="display: block; padding-bottom: 4.35pt; padding-left: 7.95pt; padding-right: 7.95pt; padding-top: 4.35pt;"> **   INFLUENCE   **

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// <span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">“But then the Roman Empire fell like this - "Bang!" And we went into what the historians called the Stupid Period. Everyone was going, "Er, I dunno. Is that a Roman road? Can we eat it?" Then there was the Dark Ages ... " I can't even see you! Where are you?!” //<span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">- Eddie Izzard, British comedian   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">   1. Background        THE FALL OF ROME and THE DARK AGES    <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In order to understand the medieval period in Europe, it is necessary to look at what happened beforehand.   <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">If you look up “Roman Empire fall” on Google, you should get a specific date fairly easily. A lot of history textbooks and documentaries will nail it down to an // actual day // ... September 4, 476 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A.D. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Now // that’s // specific. <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Of course it isn’t that straightforward. It’s nice to see // Wikipedia // has no entry for the “Fall of the Roman Empire”. Instead it has a page about the “Decline of the Roman Empire”, which is much more realistic. <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">It is true, however, that Rome’s influence and control over much of Europe (and parts of Africa) faded away ... gradually replaced by various competing tribes. And this did have a profound impact on the way life was lived for many people in Europe. <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Our focus, in particular, will be on England. The withdrawal of Roman troops in 410 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A.D. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">left the island, and its native Celtic population, vulnerable to attack. In the centuries which followed, the country was overtaken by various tribes from mainland Europe – including two tribes known as the Angles (from whom England gets its name) and the Saxons. <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">By 1000 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A.D. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">, England was nothing like the nation it had been under the Romans, who called it Britannia. But it would be a mistake to think of the Anglo-Saxons as foolish, barbaric savages. <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Anglo-Saxon society was settled throughout much of the land, and had converted to Christianity. However, it was vulnerable to attacks from Viking raiders – ironically from the same part of the world the Angles and Saxons had come from centuries before. There was great fear, also, that the world may come to an end in 1,000 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">A.D <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">. – another example of our tendency to focus on specific moments and dates and attach too much importance to them. <span style="height: 226.65pt; left: 0px; margin-left: 89.25pt; margin-top: 8.95pt; mso-height-relative: margin; mso-width-relative: margin; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 282.15pt; z-index: 251673600;"> ** The year **** 2010 A.D. is … ** ** 5770 according to Jews ** **  1431 according to most Muslims  ** **  1388 in the country of Iran  ** **  1931 in India’s official calendar  ** **  40206 in the programming of Microsoft Excel  ** (for complex reasons, due to an error in the original program which        stopped counting years at 1999 and went back to 1900 thereafter) ** And almost certainly __should__ be …  ** ** 2006 A.D. ** || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">
 * <span style="background: black; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-background-themecolor: text1; text-align: center;"> **  Speaking of dates …   **

// <span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">“England is a French colony gone wrong.” //<span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">- former French President Georges Clemencau <span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 5pt;"> 2. A date that does matter - 1066 **  The Bayeux Tapestry   ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sometimes a date in history does come close to living up to the hype. For people of English-speaking nations, the year 1066 is a crucial turning point. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In a little over nine months, four kings would fight for control of England. Three of them would die trying. What we know about the story of 1066 comes from a variety of sources, but by far the most famous is the // Bayeux Tapestry //. In class, we’ll look at the tapestry, and the story it tells, in detail. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Take time to think about what makes the tapestry so unusual and why the people who made it chose to use it as the form of recording the events of 1066. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">And another question for you: Can we trust it? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="background: #b9b9b9; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; display: block; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 4pt; padding-right: 4pt; padding-top: 1pt;"> <span style="background: #b9b9b9; border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">ASSESSMENT TASK 1 <span style="background: #b9b9b9; border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"> **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 18pt;">STRUCTURED REPORT: How did Harold die? **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 18pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Task: Write a __structured report__ investigating the death of King Harold in the //Bayeux Tapestry// and answering the question: “How did King Harold die?”. **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">There are two common versions of how Harold died, and one is far more widely know than the other. You will need to do some research into the background of the tapestry, as well as any other versions of Harold’s death (there are two major versions). You will also need to pay particular attention to the panel of the tapestry which portrays his death. <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Because this is a report, not an essay, you are allowed to use sub-headings and sections, building up to your overall conclusion. You might like to consider using the following section. <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">However, it is crucial that your report be detailed and based on evidence from the tapestry. You should conduct your own extra research (with references) in order to complete a good report. ** <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 1pt;"> **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">1. Background to the tapestry. **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> Who made the tapestry? When? Why? <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> Is it possible that the story in the tapestry is biased or unreliable? <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;">** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">2. What kind of evidence is the tapestry? **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> In what ways is the tapestry primary evidence? <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> In what ways is the tapestry secondary evidence? <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt 18pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: -18pt;">**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">3. First possible cause of death. **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> Explain the theory and outline the evidence which supports the theory. <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt 18pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-indent: -18pt;">**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">4. Second possible cause of death. **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo5; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> Explain the theory and outline the evidence which supports the theory. **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">5. Conclusion **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">How do you think Harold died? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">(this section may involve some repetition but it is crucial that your answer be comprehensive)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;">  2. A date that does matter - 1066 **  Feudalism    ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">There were always landowners, peasants and slaves in England. Across Europe, and in countries like Japan, the system of feudalism had operated for centuries. Now, however, the new ruling class of French-speaking noblemen exploited this rigid system of controlling the country. In class you’ll have a look some, if not all, of the following topics: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">- The impact of 1066 on the English language; <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">- How relatively few conquerors managed to control a large, invaded population (through some brutality, castles, feudalism and record-keeping, for example); <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">- Life under the feudal system – a system which saw most of the population lose their freedom. In particular ... why might this system have worked? <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">The ‘Feudal Pyramid’ **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Feudalism in the Middle Ages resembles a pyramid, with the lowest peasants at its base and the lines of authority flowing up to the peak of the structure, the king. Under Feudalism the King was only answerable to the Pope. Feudalism was based on the exchange of land for military service. Life lived under the Medieval Feudal System, or Feudalism, demanded that everyone owed allegiance to the King and their immediate superior. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Feudalism in England - How it worked **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Feudalism in England can be easily described through a pyramid: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- At the top of the Feudalism Pyramid was the **King**. The King claimed ownership of the land. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- The King granted the land to important **nobles** - these nobles then pledged their loyalty by swearing to serve and protect the king. They were granted control over large parts of England. Some of these nobles were **bishops** – important men of the church – and others were **barons** – key military leaders. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- The king also granted land to the less powerful military men (the **knights** or **landlords**) who were in control of a particular village. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">- The land was worked by the **villeins.** The were peasants (also called ‘serfs’). They belonged to the land and could not leave without the permission of their lord - the bottom of the Feudalism pyramid. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="background: #b9b9b9; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; display: block; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 4pt; padding-right: 4pt; padding-top: 1pt;"> <span style="background: #b9b9b9; border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">ASSESSMENT TASK 2 <span style="background: #b9b9b9; border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"> **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 18pt;">HERALDRY: Design your own shield **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 5pt;"> <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">TASK: ** <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">1. Design your own coat of arms, reflecting who you are and where you’ve come from. You may wish to include symbols representing: **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">- Your personality and interests; <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">- Your family’s traditional heraldry, if it has one; <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">- The original meaning of your name(s). <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">You may like to actually make the shield itself, or present it in illustrated poster form. Even a computer animation! ** <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 5pt;"> <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">2. Write a detailed explanation of the symbols you’ve use on your coat of arms. **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Each choice that you have made needs to be identified, and the reason behind its inclusion given. Remember – this is a medieval piece of writing, so it needs to be beautifully presented on a parchment or scroll. <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 6pt;"> **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Remember to follow the rules of heraldry ... and keep it authentic! **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">You may not have heard of the word ‘heraldry’, but you’ll recognise it when you see it. Take this for example: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Don’t be fooled. This isn’t just pretty picture work. The Coat of Arms above contains some very specific messages and symbols. Serious stuff; and as the Middle Ages progressed, it was deadly serious (sometimes literally). <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; display: block; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 4pt; padding-right: 4pt; padding-top: 1pt;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"> // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Note: None of the soldiers depicted in the __Bayeux Tapestry__ have heraldry on their shields. Within the next hundred years, it became the only way a European noble person could prove they were who they claimed to be. A person’s heraldry would be used not just on shields – but in sealing wax on documents, carved on family tombs, and flown as a banner on country homes. //  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Over time, highly specialised rules developed about the colours, symbols and designs which could be used on a shield. The language of heraldry is French – so you’ll see plenty of French in the examples below. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Looking again at the Coat of Arms, you’ll see that heraldry isn’t just a shield. It can contain lots of other elements. Here’s a fairly badly drawn example (without nifty supporting animals): <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The shield itself can contain: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Gold and white (the metals) ... but the two metals can never appear next to each other <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Blue, red, purple, black or green (the colours) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A number of lines or patterns can be used to divide different sections of the shield. Also, a shield may contain a specific symbol identifying whether its holder is first born, second born and so on. // (see over) // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The shield could contain any number of symbols or animals. You’ll be given an extensive sheet of examples – and there are plenty available on the ‘net. It’s not uncommon to see a fist, a knife, a candle, a lion’s head, a rearing bear or even a unicorn. By the end of the middle ages, traditional shields were almost useless in battle – but their role as a kind of passport or family tree remained. A nobleman’s heraldry said something about their family, their past and themselves.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> 3. Communication in the Middle Ages <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">In the Middle Ages few stories were written down. Most stories - like // Beowulf // - were remembered and past down from one generation to the next. A few stories were recorded visually, like the Bayeux Tapestry, and in the few written records of the // Beowulf //text which survive. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Stories are a means for us to make our world knowable in a meaningful way. Some psychologists suggest that forming our experience into stories is a basic function of our conscious brain. We can see this process of "making sense of the world" happening in our dreams when our sleeping brains put the events of our lives into a kind of order. Stories like // Beowulf // were a way for communities to make sense of the political events of the time as well to engage with common fears, desires and "existential angst". <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Information about events outside the town is carried in a variety of ways. The most reliable is between the clergy (i.e. cardinals, bishops, priests) and the Pope. It is the only real ‘network’ of the Middle Ages where the communication can be reasonably trusted (so long as you are Christian and believe what the Pope and his advisors want you to believe). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">‘Pilgrims’ who travel from one holy site to another also carry information; as do regular messages from nearby kingdoms – though the kings who receive them will not always pass them on accurately. Another method of getting news is from traders and sailors – especially towards the end of the Middle Ages. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Does it matter to the ordinary person? The major port cities, like London, are familiar with international visitors and – since London was a small, trading-only town back then – way more open to receive and talk with them. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">The Middle Ages was not a time to get by overseas by speaking English. It was as useful as speaking the Boonwurrung language in Holland is now. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">But probably every village has someone who has fought in a war somewhere, so that offers some information. The Crusades are an example. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Most people only know their own manor. They know of the existence of other European lands, but only in terms of the most basic (and years old) information. News flows slowly on that scale. Of the non-Christian world, hardly anything is known. There is a generally agreed rumour that the world is round, but for most who hear this, that means a circle – so there are still edges to fall off. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">There is writing, but there are no books, because there is no printing.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="background: #b9b9b9; border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; display: block; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 4pt; padding-right: 4pt; padding-top: 1pt;"> <span style="background: #b9b9b9; border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;">ASSESSMENT TASK 3 <span style="background: #b9b9b9; border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"> **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 18pt;">COMMUNICATION: Prepare your own story **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Task: Create a story of your own and tell it to a small group in the class. ** ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Your story needs to be based in the Middle Ages - it can be based on historical events or on mythical creatures appropriate to the time, as in // Beowulf //. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">You can draw some images to support your story if you wish (or make a tapestry!) ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Although you should start by writing your story down, you need to tell your story from memory as would have been the case in the Middle Ages. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In the Middle Ages great stories often used rhyme as a device to help with memory - you can take on this challenge if you wish. ** Make sure you include the narrative elements that make a story interesting and engaging (we'll talk about this in class). **Here is a structure you could use: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">• An interesting protagonist and a clear scene <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">• Have a problem that confronts the protagonist <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">- often involving a villain of some sort and someone who needs to be rescued, or  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">- the protagonist needing to prove how clever or powerful he/she is   <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">• At the last moment the protagonist saves the day and everyone is happy <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 2pt; line-height: 115%;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Your story needs to be told to three other members of the class and then all four of you need to complete a copy of an assessment sheet like the one below. Use four different colours to show the ticks of the four different assessors and then email the completed assessment sheet. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 115%;"> ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">CRITERIA – Create Your Own Story **


 * ** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Name of storyteller: -- **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">  ||  <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 8pt;">Excellent <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   ||  <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;">V. Good <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   ||  <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Good   ||  <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">OK   ||  <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Low   ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Engaging story // (bonus marks for rhyme and/or pictures). // || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Well memorized. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Well told (clear and with great use of voice to engage the audience). || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Authentically based in the Middle Ages. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Thought, effort and detail. || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Grade: **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">  || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">   ||

<span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Assessors: <span style="color: #00b0f0; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(Blue): ** 1. ** <span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #00b050; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(Green): ** 2. **  <span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(Purple): ** 3. **  ** <span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(  **<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Red) ** Myself:  **

<span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">// <span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">The Crusades were basically, "We kill you in the name of Jesus!" // <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">// <span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">"Wait, we have Jesus, too! He's a prophet in our religion! We kill __you__ in the name of Jesus!" // <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">// <span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">"Do you? … Well, we kill you for your dark skin, for Jesus was a white man ... from Oxford!" // <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">// <span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">"No, he wasn't! He was from Judea! A dark-skinned man, such as we!" // <span style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">// <span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">"… Look, we've come all this way. Would you mind if we hacked you to bits? Just for the press back home." //<span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> - Eddie Izzard 4. Changes to Feudal Society <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Let’s not kid around. The Normans didn’t invent feudalism, and it didn’t just come out of nowhere in 1066. Nor did it just dominate the lives of every citizen of the world. It certainly was the basic, common form of society across medieval Europe though. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">But all throughout the Middle Ages, it was changing. In particular, the position of the peasant (or ‘villein’ in England) slowly shifted from the illiterate, downtrodden farmer to something ... well, not so illiterate or downtrodden. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Some key events – often quite unexpected ones – shaped and reshaped the feudal system. By the end of the Middle Ages, peasants across Europe were demanding greater rights and, in some famous cases, threatening outright revolution. These key events included: <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">- The Crusades <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">- The Rise of Towns <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">- The Black Death <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In class, we’ll examine each of these rather messy topics, beginning with the rather quirky documentary made by a member of the Monty Python comedy group. But first we’ll discuss how the two big religions, Islam and Christianty, actually have a lot in common ... not that anybody seemed to realise it at the time. ISLAM ... how Mohammed started a religion <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Let’s go back in time, and leave Europe for a little while. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">610 A.D. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A forty-year-old Arab farmer in the town of **Mecca**, called **Mohammed**, is working in his field. He receives a visit from God. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">God tells him that people have got it wrong: First, he says that the Jews are wrong to believe that they are God’s special people, or that Israel is their land. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Second, he says Jesus Christ was not His son, just a very wise follower. God says he is not happy that people have started worshipping Jesus instead of him. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Finally, God says that the time has come to get it right. There is one God. He is the God of everyone. Everyone must serve him. They must ‘submit’ (give in) to his power. The Arab word for ‘submit’ is **Islam**. And the word to describe someone who submits is ‘**Muslim**’. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mohammed does as he is told, and decides to spread the word, to get some followers. In the first ten years, he doesn’t have much success. In fact, he only makes one new believer … <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">His wife, and even she took some convincing. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">But then he catches a lucky break: he leaves Mecca, and became the **governor** of the nearby town of **Medina**. It’s amazing how quickly people follow your new religion when you’re the man in charge. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Islam begins to spread – more and more followers begin to accept its rules, such as: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Face Mecca and pray 5 times a day, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Don’t drink alcohol, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Share you wealth with others, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Accept that the only God is God – he has no son – and Mohammed is his messenger <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">And Mohammed tells his followers something a little controversial: in certain circumstances, God allows them to go to war and conquer all non-Muslims, or kill them. It is called **Jihad**, or Holy War. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">And so the people of Medina did just that. They started by conquering Mohammed’s old home town of Mecca in 630 – sort of a revenge attack really. Mohammed got the last laugh on them. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Slowly, the religion spreads. It’s very popular. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mohammed dies in 632, but by that time his religion is spreading, and conquering like wildfire. It takes over Arabia, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Egypt. The **Turkish Muslims** form a massive army, and they continue to spread. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">And by the end of the 1000’s, they decide to take over **Israel**, and the fight gets really nasty. The Crusades VIDEO WORKSHEET <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; display: block; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 4pt; padding-right: 4pt; padding-top: 1pt;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"> **// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In the middle ages, who is more powerful, the Pope or a King? //**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">**// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In 1095, the Pope orders for Christians to wipe out Turkish Muslims. Why? //** <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt dashed; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt dashed; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt dashed; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">**// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">What’s so special about Jerusalem, in Israel? //** <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt dashed; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">**// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">How would the Pope deal with the fact that the Bible says “Thou shalt not kill”? //** <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt dashed; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt dashed; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">**// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Pope expected 5,000 knights to respond. Guess: what response did he actually did get? //** <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt dashed; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt dashed; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">After slogging, slashing and burning their way through Christian Europe, the Crusaders faced **three more years** walking through the desert. And, when they finally got through the desert … it started to rain, and it didn’t stop for weeks! <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Also, the Crusaders weren’t bright (they even got tricked into fighting a castle defended by sheep!) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 5pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; display: block; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 4pt; padding-right: 4pt; padding-top: 1pt;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">**//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In what other ways were the Muslim / Arab world ‘superior’ to the Christian one? //**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt dashed; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt dashed; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt dashed; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt dashed; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; display: block; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 4pt; padding-right: 4pt; padding-top: 1pt;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">** // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Crusaders finally reached Jerusalem after three years. They had been waiting all this time to kick the Turks out, but what had happened since they had set out? // ** <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt dashed; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt dashed; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; display: block; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 4pt; padding-right: 4pt; padding-top: 1pt;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">** // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Furthermore, did the Christians of Jerusalem actually need saving from Muslims, or even Jews? // ** <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt dashed; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; display: block; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 4pt; padding-right: 4pt; padding-top: 1pt;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">** // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Did the First Crusade of 1095-1099 actually succeed in a capturing Jerusalem? // ** <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt dashed; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; display: block; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 4pt; padding-right: 4pt; padding-top: 1pt;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">** // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">But, in the end, after all the Crusades were over – did the Christians succeed? // ** <span style="border-bottom: windowtext 0.5pt dashed; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-border-bottom-alt: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-bottom-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 1pt; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-between: .5pt dashed windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 4.0pt 1.0pt 4.0pt; mso-padding-between: 1.0pt; mso-padding-top-alt: 1.0pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 1pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="height: 18pt; left: 0px; margin-left: 231.75pt; margin-top: 4.4pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 48pt; z-index: 251684864;"> || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * <span style="display: block; padding-bottom: 3.6pt; padding-left: 7.2pt; padding-right: 7.2pt; padding-top: 3.6pt;"> ** 1204 **

4. Changes to Feudal Society Impact of the Crusades <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cedric was a very old man. 104 years old, to be exact. But he still had an excellent memory… // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">He could remember **Jerusalem**, in Israel, for example. He had been born in 1100. His father was one of the first Crusaders, and Cedric was born months after their victory. He grew up there. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Looking back, Cedric could see why the Crusade was always a mistake. Jerusalem, and some of the surrounding cities, was Christian. But **the rest of Middle-East was Muslim**. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Within months of the Crusade, the various **Muslim countries launched a //Holy War//** against them. **It took 88 years, but eventually the Christians were pushed out of the Middle-East**. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A //Second Crusade// was launched to protect Jerusalem in 1147. But they were defeated, and Cedric suddenly learned that he didn’t particularly like the Christians from Europe. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">What a simple lot they were!! They had never even heard of **apricots**, for Pete’s sake! Or **lemons**!! Or **sugar**!! They didn’t even use **perfume** or after-shave. They counted in Roman numerals: I, II, III, IV, V rather than in the Muslim’s **‘Arabic’ system**: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">And these silly Europeans had never heard of China, or India. Almost all of them seemed to be ignorant peasants. They didn’t seem to know what a **town**, or a **city** was. And **trade**? Hardly! <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">That’s not to say Christians couldn’t behave decently. They treated //each other// well enough. He especially liked the knights who formed the “**St John’s Ambulance**’ – dedicated to looking after others. //That// idea, he thought, might still be around in 1,000 years. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">But, unfortunately, there were still enough psycho Christians, and psycho Muslims, to make sure that the fighting went on and on. Cedric was especially afraid of the group of Muslim soldiers that took a drug, ‘hash’ (marijuana) to get high and go kill people. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">They called themselves the ‘**Hashashins**’, after their drug. Cedric wondered if there would still be the word ‘hashashins’ 1,000 years later. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">England’s King Richard ‘The Lionheart’ had launched a //Third Crusade// in 1189. Cedric recalled how Richard captured //Acre// and ordered all the population killed. It took 3 days. Thankfully, he never got to Jerusalem, and a //Fourth Crusade// ran out of money and never even left Europe. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cedric knew that the Crusades were over. Christians would never again rule Israel. Maybe one day, he thought, Muslims and Christians would say sorry and just give it back to the Jews. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">So much hate, thought Cedric, as he shuffled wearily to his bed. So much hate for so little reason. They all believed in the same God, didn’t they? But they didn’t believe in each other. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cedric decided he didn’t like the times that he had seen. What a pity, he thought, that he couldn’t live in, say, 2010. By then, people would have learnt how to get along, surely. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> ** // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Based on the above, what things did the crusades help Christian Europe to discover from the Muslims? // ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%;"> 4. Changes to Feudal Society <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> The Rise of Towns <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Slowly, over the course of centuries, changes came to the landscape of medieval Europe. The vast majority of people still worked as farmers and peasants, but more and more ** trade ** was occurring between countries and regions of the world, and ** towns ** were starting to develop across the continent. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 115%;"> ** // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Consider these question:  // ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">- ** // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Where, Why and How might a town begin to develop? // ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">- ** // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Why might a lord allow a town to be on his land? Why might he allow some of his peasants to work as craftsmen, selling goods in the town rather than working the land? // ** <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 4pt 18pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">- ** // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Why might having a town be a good thing for both landlord and peasant? // ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">We’re not talking about cities here, though. Towns were like villages – places where people could buy and sell goods, where travelling merchants might set up a stall for a short while, and where weekly or monthly markets might be held. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">They were also rather smelly. Have a look at the Dirty Old Town on pages 68 and 69 of the class textbook. This was not a healthy place to live. And the fact that people did not really understand medicine at all didn’t help. These are things we will look at in class. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Indeed, farm animals wandered the streets quite happily - which may not have been particularly healthy for the inhabitants. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Many towns had walls for extra protection from outlaws, thieves and suspicious strangers. The gates would be locked at sunset and no-one was allowed in at night (the curfew). The streets were narrow (designed only for pedestrians and the odd cart), and also filthy. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The drains were gutters which ran down the centre of the street, often leading to a nearby stream or creek. Medieval people had a poor sense of hygiene, so emptied their household rubbish on to the street in front of them. This attracted rats by the thousand. Butcher were the worst: they used to let animals’ blood run along the road! <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">But Lords knew they were onto a good deal by encouraging merchants to ‘set up shop’ in a town. Villeins were also allowed to earn their way in shops, so long as they were profitable. In exchange for not having to work in the fields, shop-owners paid rent to the lord of their land. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Yes, rent to the landlord. Not much has changed there. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This deal was set out in a document called the town Charter, which the townsfolk bought from their lord (who, of course, passed much of the money up the feudal chain to the King). It was basically an agreement that the townsfolk could look after their own affairs, including the upkeep of the town. This would be managed by a town council, which saved the lord the work of having to look after both the peasants and the townsfolk. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Now that towns were basically free to look after themselves (so long as they paid their rent) charters usually included provision for the town to elect its own council to look after the town. Each council was headed by a mayor. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In addition to a town council, most towns had a ** merchant guild **. The guild was responsible for making sure that all the merchants in the town acted fairly towards each other and their clients. They made sure that merchants from other towns had to sell their goods at a higher price. In very large towns, various types of merchant had their own guild: a bakers’ guild, a tailors’ guild and so on, each protecting their own industry. This was just another example of how people were getting more and more used to making decisions for themselves, and not having to rely on the lord. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> ** // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Let’s pause for a second ... “not having to rely on the lord.”  // ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> ** // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Think about that. Towns may be great money earners for a lord, but can you think of why they may also be a difficulty for him in the long term? // ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">

4. Changes to Feudal Society The Black Death <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">When it comes to events which change society, they don’t come much bigger than the Black Death. So big that it really does deserve its own special graphics. Lots of people on the internet agree, and, after 650 years, we can probably make lame jokes about it: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Or perhaps not, especially when you consider what happened to the (estimated) population of Europe: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Rockwell','serif';">1100: 48,000,000 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Rockwell','serif';">1200: 59,000,000 growth of 11 million in 100 years <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Rockwell','serif';">1300: 70,000,000 growth of 11 million in 100 years <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Rockwell','serif';">1347: 75,000,000 growth of 5 million in 47 years **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Rockwell','serif'; line-height: 115%;">1351: 50,000,000 loss of 25 million in just 4 years ** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 5pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">And here’s how ...  **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1347: THE SHIPS OF DEATH ** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In October of 1347, several Italian merchant ships returned from a trip to the Black Sea, one of the key links in trade with China. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">When the ships docked in Sicily, Italy, many of those on board were already dying of plague. Within days the disease spread to the city and the surrounding countryside. An eyewitness tells what happened: <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Soon death was everywhere. Fathers abandoned their sick sons. Lawyers refused to come and make out wills for the dying. Friars and nuns were left to care for the sick, and monasteries and convents were soon deserted, as they were stricken, too. Bodies were left in empty houses, and there was no one to give them a Christian burial."  <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The locals rioted, forcing the ships to leave port. And so, the tragedy began to unfold. Desperately, the ships looked for a place to stop, and at each port they visited the plague broke out.   <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">By the following August, the plague had spread as far north as England, where people called it "The Black Death" because of the black spots it produced on the skin. A terrible killer was loose across Europe.   <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">   **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Winter: THE CRUEL HOPE ** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">And then, as suddenly as it had arrived, it disappeared. Europe celebrated: the onslaught had been survived! <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">They were wrong. Instead, what had happened was that the fleas had died out in winter. When spring returned, so did the fleas – in greater numbers than before. And the full horror of the plague hit. After five years over 30 million people were dead--one-third of Europe's people. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Even when the worst was over, smaller outbreaks continued, not just for years, but for centuries. The survivors lived in constant fear of the plague's return, and the disease did not disappear until the 1600s. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1361: THE PLAGUE STRIKES BACK ** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">And so, 13 years after its first outbreak, the plague returned to strike down the people of Europe, Africa and the Middle-East. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This time, normal life basically came to a standstill. For the survivors, things would never be the same again … <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> 4. Changes to Feudal Society Social Impact of the Black Death <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In class we will go into this in more detail, but consider the following consequences of the Black Death. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> **// <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">How might each of the following affect the system of feudalism, as well as the authority of lords and the church? //** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">1. //// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">A number of lords shut themselves off from their villeins, refusing to provide assistance. Some were so afraid of catching the plague that they fled their manor, leaving the villeins to fend for themselves, and free to wander off. // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">2. //// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">The Pope had declared that the plague was a punishment to sinners. Prayer would solve all problems, he said, but it didn’t. However, Muslims were told by their leaders that if they died of plague they would go straight to heaven. // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">3. //// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">As well as townsfolk, many villeins had died. In the past, lords had been able to get their villeins to work for free, but now there weren’t enough villeins to go round. //

<span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> // <span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Count de Money: "Your highness, the peasants are revolting." // // <span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">King Louis:"You said it. They stink on ice!" //<span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;">- from the film __A History of the World: Part I__ <span style="color: #3e3e3e; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> The Peasants’ Revolt <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Eventually, the peasants had had enough. It was 1380, and English feudalism was about to be seriously challenged. A lot had changed. In 1066, England had been taken over by Frenchman from Normandy. Now, in 1380, the King of England was trying to take over France!!! The King was Richard II, and he was fourteen. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A warning: the peasants failed. But that they tried to demand freedom is interesting enough. Even if the cartoon on page 74 and 75 in the text is a bit ... poxy. ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Immediate causes of the revolt ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Since everyone was now being paid a lot more, Richard II decided it was time to up taxes to pay for his war. Everyone over 15 had to pay 5p - a flat rate, not a % of income etc. etc. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Richard sent out officials, led by Thomas Bampton, to collect the tax. In 1381, they rode into the village of Fobbing. Bampton got into an argument with the local yokels and, led by Thomas the Baker, they sought revenge - chasing him out of the town. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This was a problem. Within days, the King would hear of their resistance, and no doubt send in the troops to teach the Fobbing people a lesson. It was now or never. In the days that followed, word of the resistance spread to Kent, and the peasants began to march to London. On the way, more and more peasants joined in as lords’ manors were burned. They chose a man named Wat Tyler to be their leader, and decided that a priest called John Ball would be the new Archbishop of Canterbury. ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The peasants reach London ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">By the time they reached London, their numbers had swelled to 50-100,000. The burning and vandalism continued. The Archbishop of Canterbury was killed, and his head stuck on a pole and paraded around the city. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Richard II fled to the Tower of London, but in fact the peasants were not after him. They wished instead for freedom to chose their own lord, and to receive payment for their work. Richard agreed to met them. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Imagine the scene. The teenage King riding out to meet hundreds of thousands of angry peasants, led by a huge Wat Tyler. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tyler demanded and end to slavery. Richard agreed. // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Yes ... he agreed. How’s __that__ for a moment? //  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The next day, they met again. This time, the Lord Mayor of London stabbed Tyler as he spoke with Richard. // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">That’s __another__ moment! Why isn’t this a film? //  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Richard addressed the peasants, telling them they had not lost a leader at all - he was their leader. He had promised their freedom, and he would honour it. Rather than attack their own king, the peasants dispersed. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">He was lying. The rebel leaders were rounded up and put on trial - some were hung, drawn and quartered, including John Ball. The revolt seemed to be a total failure, but as we’ll see in the next term ... it was the beginning of an incredible change in life and lifestyles. The world was about to change dramatically. But that’s the Renaissance, and that’s another story ...